KNbO3
KNbO3(鈮酸鉀)晶體(簡稱KN)是非常重要的非線性光學晶體之一。其非線性光學品質因數d2 /n3 ，在所有的氧化物晶體中名列第一，KN的平均折射率為2.2，反射率的理論值為14%，理論透過率為86%。。該晶體化學性質穩定，非線性光學系數大，對半導體860nm激光直接倍頻(101mW)已得到近40mW的430nm藍光。KN晶體由于其特殊的性能，使其成為微激光器這一新用途開發的一個重要環節。藍色激光器的實現是當務之急，而KN晶體正是產生二次諧波，實現藍色激光器的最理想的材料之一。
特點
- 毫秒響應時間；
- 非常低的散射損耗；
- 非線性光學系數大；
- 非線性光學系數高；
- 出色的光折變特性；
- 光照射下的高穩定性；
- 有利的相位匹配特性；
物化性質
| 化學式 | KNbO3 |
| 晶體結構 | 斜方，mm2 |
| 晶格參數 | a = 5.6896?, b = 3.9692?, c = 5.7256? |
| 質量密度 | 4.617 g/cm3 |
| 熔點 | 1333 K |
| 居里溫度 | 498 K |
| 介電軸和結晶軸的分配 | ?X, Y, Z ? b, a, c |
| P = 0.101325MPa時的比熱cp | cp= 767 J/kgK |
| 導熱系數 | κ > 3.5 W/mK |
| 熱膨脹 | aa=5.010×10-6 /℃; ab=1.410×10-5/℃; ac=5.010×10-7/℃ |
非線性光學性質
| 屬性 | 數值 |
| 非線性光學系數 | d31=-15.8 pm/V, d32=-18.3 pm/V @ 1064 nm |
| 最短SHG波長 | 425 nm（Ⅰ型NCPM，y切或a切） |
| Ⅰ型SHG的接受角為1064 nm | Dq = 0.24 mrad / cm（內部） |
| Ⅰ型SHG的接受溫度為1064 nm | DT=0.3 ℃/cm |
線性光學性質
| 屬性 | 數值 |
| 透明范圍 | 400-5500 nm |
| 紅外截止波長 | 5.5 μm |
| 吸收損失 | <=1%/cm @1064 nm |
| 損傷閾值 | <= 4 J/cm2 @527 nm（500ps，單脈沖） |
| <= 6 J/cm2 @1054 nm（700ps，單脈沖） |
相位匹配角實驗值（T=293K）
| 相互作用波長[μm] | φexp?[deg] | θexp?[deg] |
| XY平面，θ=90° | ||
| SHG, e + e???o | ||
| 0.946???0.473 | ≈30 | ? |
| 4.7599???2.37995 | 69.9 | ? |
| YZ 平面, φ = 90° | ||
| SHG, o + o ??e | ||
| 0.86 ? 0.43 | ? | 83.5 |
| 0.89 ? 0.445 | ? | 70.7 |
| 0.92 ? 0.46 | ? | 64 |
| 0.94 ? 0.47 | ? | 60.5 |
| 1.0642 ? 0.5321 | ? | 46.4 |
| 1.3188 ? 0.6594 | ? | 30.6 |
| 1.3382???0.6691 | ? | 29.7 |
| 3.5303???1.76515 | ? | 37.3 |
| 4.7291???2.36455 | ? | 77.3 |
| SFG, o + o???e | ||
| 1.3188 + 0.6594???0.4396 | ? | 62.3 |
| 1.3188 + 1.0642???0.5889 | ? | 37.7 |
| 4.7762 + 3.1841???1.9105 | ? | 46.6 |
| 5.2955 + 3.5303???2.1182 | ? | 59.5 |
| XZ 平面, φ = 0°, θ > Vz | ||
| SHG, o + o???e | ||
| 1.0642???0.5321 | ? | 70.4 |
| 1.3188???0.6594 | ? | 56.8 |
| 1.3382???0.6691 | ? | 56.2 |
| 3.5303???1.76515 | ? | 58.8 |
| SFG, o + o???e | ||
| 1.3188 + 1.0642???0.5889 | ? | 62.6 |
| 5.2955 + 3.5303???2.1182 | ? | 86.1 |
T=295K時溫度帶寬的實驗值
| 相互作用波長[μm] | θexp?[deg] | ΔT [?C] |
| YZ 平面, φ = 90° | ||
| SHG, o + o???e | ||
| 1.0642???0.5321 | 46.4 | 0.39 |
| 1.3382???0.6691 | 29.7 | 0.59 |
| 3.5303???1.76515 | 37.1 | 2.3 |
| SFG, o + o?? e | ||
| 5.2955 + 3.5303?? 2.1182 | 59.5 | 2.4 |
| XZ平面, φ = 0°, θ >Vz | ||
| SHG, o + o?? e | ||
| 1.0642???0.5321 | 71.4 | 0.77 |
| 1.3382???0.6691 | 56.2 | 2.2 |
| 3.5303???1.76515 | 58.1 | 10.1 |
光譜
 | 
|
| KNbO3-相位匹配角的溫度變化 | 室溫下KNbO3的折射率分散 |
 | 
|
| KNbO3-透射光譜 | KNbO3-光學吸收 |
參考文獻
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